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The First TBM for the Yangtze River-to-Han River Diversion Project, “Jianghan Vanguard,” Begins Tunneling
On December 2, as the cutterhead of the “Jianghan Vanguard” TBM slowly began to rotate at the working face of Maintenance and Access Tunnel No. 8 in Section 4 of the Yangtze River Diversion and Han River Restoration Project, the project’s first TBM commenced tunneling in Baokang County, Hubei Province, officially marking the start of a new phase of TBM-driven tunnel excavation for the project.
The Yangtze-to-Han Water Diversion Project is a follow-up water-source project for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Scheme. It links two national strategic projects—the Three Gorges Project and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project—by diverting water from the Yangtze River stored in the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Han River downstream of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Upon completion, the project will substantially enhance the water-supply capacity and reliability of the first phase of the Middle Route, significantly improve water-resource allocation across the Han River basin and the broader region, and create the conditions necessary for the Han-to-Wei Water Diversion Project to achieve its long-term water-transfer scale.
China South-to-North Water Diversion Group is making all-out efforts to build the Yangtze-to-Han River Diversion Project into a project that is “safe, high-quality, green, smart, and transparent.” The Group rigorously implements the lifelong accountability system for construction quality, deepens comprehensive quality management, actively promotes standardized construction, adheres to the principles of first-piece evaluation, pilot testing prior to full-scale implementation, and demonstration-led approaches, and vigorously advances the transformation toward “mechanization to replace manpower, automation to reduce manpower, and intelligent, unmanned operations.” The Group is also focused on strengthening its capacity for technology-driven leadership and assurance, ensuring the effective application and implementation of advanced equipment and technologies in key projects.
The “Jianghan Vanguard” TBM is the first hard-rock tunnel boring machine to roll off the production line for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Yangtze River–Han River Connection Project. It is also currently the largest-diameter single-shield hard-rock TBM used in domestic water-diversion tunnel projects, with an excavation diameter of 12.23 meters, a total length of approximately 160 meters, and a weight of about 2,800 tons. The equipment is equipped with an integrated geological forecasting system, a cutter wear and condition monitoring system, and a shield jamming early-warning and assessment system, enabling it to effectively address complex geological conditions along the route, such as great burial depths, high external water pressure, sudden mud bursts and water inflows, and significant deformation in soft rock. In addition, the machine has innovatively broken through conventional synchronous jacking-and-assembly technology, allowing tunnel excavation and segment assembly to be carried out concurrently, thereby increasing construction efficiency by 20% to 40%.
To ensure the TBM advances on schedule, China South-to-North Water Diversion Group Jianghan Water Network Construction and Development Co., Ltd. and the contractor have set three key milestone targets—assembly, advancement, and launch—mobilized expert resources, developed a performance-assessment plan, implemented a traffic-light early-warning system, and rigorously advanced the welding and assembly of the TBM’s advancing mechanism, front shield, middle shield, tail shield, and cutterhead. According to reports, the “Jianghan Vanguard” TBM will advance at an average monthly rate of 225 meters and is expected to complete its tunneling mission by the end of 2029.
The successful launch of the first TBM, “Jianghan Vanguard,” has set a benchmark for the sequential commissioning of the remaining nine TBMs along the entire project route, marking a major practical achievement in the use of ultra-large-diameter TBMs for long-distance pressurized water-diversion tunnels in China. The second TBM, “Jianghan Peace,” is scheduled to complete assembly by the end of February next year; the third TBM, “Jianghan Pioneering,” is currently being expedited; and the fourth TBM, “Jianghan Neolithic,” is undergoing transportation of its machine components. Construction of the Yangtze-to-Han Water Diversion Project is now accelerating across the board.
As of December 2, tunneling for the main tunnel of the Yangtze-to-Han River Diversion Project has exceeded 3.3 kilometers, with a total of over 14.9 kilometers of access adits excavated along the route. Of the 10 TBM units deployed, four have already completed factory acceptance and been delivered; another two are scheduled to undergo factory acceptance and be delivered before the end of this year.
Keywords:
Yangtze River Diversion to Han River Project, hydraulic tunnel, tunnel boring machine
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