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What is a crane?
A crane is a multi-motion lifting machine used to vertically lift and horizontally move heavy loads within a specified range. It is also known as an overhead crane, bridge crane, or hoist.
The main features of crane tires are that the operator’s cab and the lifting cab are integrated into a single unit, and that the machine evolved from a crawler crane. The crawler tracks and undercarriage of the traveling mechanism have been replaced with a tire-equipped chassis, thereby eliminating the drawback of crawler cranes—namely, that their track pads can damage road surfaces. This type of equipment falls under the category of material-handling machinery.
A bridge-type crane is a lifting device horizontally installed above workshops, warehouses, and material yards for the purpose of hoisting materials. Its name derives from its bridge-like configuration, with both ends supported by tall concrete columns or metal gantries. The crane’s bridge travels longitudinally along rails laid on either side of the elevated structure, enabling efficient utilization of the space beneath the bridge for material handling without interference from ground-level equipment. It is one of the most widely used and commonly encountered types of lifting machinery.
A characteristic of lifting equipment is its intermittent motion: the mechanisms responsible for picking up, transporting, and unloading operate in alternating sequence throughout a single work cycle. The development and application of cranes are becoming increasingly widespread in the market. However, since traveling without outriggers and with a lifted load often leads to accidents, crawler cranes are generally restricted to slower travel speeds compared with wheeled cranes. Crawler cranes offer smooth operation, large lifting capacities, and the ability to travel under load within a specified range; nevertheless, the travel surface must be level and firm, tire pressure must meet the required specifications, and the lifting height above the ground must not exceed 50 cm. Long-distance travel under load is strictly prohibited. To ensure operational safety, the use of cranes without outriggers for lifting operations is essentially banned domestically. Commonly used wire ropes for crane applications include phosphated-coated wire rope, galvanized wire rope, and plain wire rope.
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