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Operation and Maintenance of Cranes
Crane Prior to shipment, proper identification and documentation shall be maintained. Pre-installation safety inspection and maintenance of the equipment: verify the functional integrity of the equipment’s principal mechanisms; inspect visible defects in the main steel structure, connection components, pins, and bolts; assess the condition of the equipment’s surface anti-corrosion coating; document findings; and issue installation recommendations.
Cranes shall be maintained by designated personnel. Following the delivery and commissioning of the equipment, routine maintenance shall be carried out by the operating driver or by full-time staff assigned by the user unit; the installation and maintenance contractor is obligated to conduct supervision and inspection of the routine maintenance activities. The main components of routine maintenance can be summarized as the “cross-operation method”: cleaning, tightening, lubrication, adjustment, and corrosion prevention. Each day, 10 to 30 minutes before and after the shift, operators shall inspect all parts of the equipment for proper functioning, perform lubrication in accordance with the prescribed schedule, listen for any abnormal operating sounds, and ensure thorough cleaning and proper handover procedures, thereby maintaining the equipment’s clean appearance and reliable operation. Records of routine maintenance and shift handovers shall be maintained in standardized forms and archived for record-keeping purposes.
Lifting equipment shall undergo regular professional inspections. During operation, lifting equipment must be subjected to routine inspections and maintenance at prescribed intervals, with the primary focus on cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, disassembly, and major overhauls. Such tasks are typically performed by maintenance personnel and operators.
After a crane leaves the factory, a break-in period of approximately 60 hours is generally prescribed (sometimes referred to as the “break-in phase”), as determined by the manufacturer based on the equipment’s technical characteristics during its initial period of operation. This break-in period is a critical step in ensuring the crane’s reliable performance, reducing the failure rate, and extending its service life. However, some users, due to a lack of knowledge about cranes, tight project schedules, or the desire to realize benefits as quickly as possible, overlook the specific technical requirements of the new-machine break-in period. Some even assume that, since the manufacturer provides a warranty and will repair any breakdowns, the crane can be operated under prolonged overload during this phase. As a result, early failures become frequent, which not only impairs normal operation and shortens the crane’s service life but also disrupts project progress due to equipment damage. Therefore, it is essential to pay close attention to the proper use and maintenance of the crane during the break-in period.
Keywords:
Crane
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